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The Application Layer is the seventh level of the seven-layer OSI model, and the top layer of the TCP/IP model. It interfaces directly to and performs common application services for the application processes; it also issues requests to the Presentation Layer (OSI).
The common application layer services provide semantic conversion between associated application processes. Note: Examples of common application services of general interest include the virtual file, virtual terminal, and job transfer and manipulation protocols.
The application layer of the TCP/IP model corresponds to the entire group of application layer, Presentation Layer, and Session Layer in the seven layer OSI model.
| The TCP/IP model (RFC 1122) |
|---|
| Application Layer |
| BGP · DHCP · DNS · FTP · Gopher · GTP · HTTP · IMAP · IRC · NNTP · NTP · POP · RIP · RPC · RTCP · RTP · RTSP · SDP · SIP · SMTP · SNMP · SOAP · SSH · STUN · Telnet · TLS/SSL · XMPP · (more) |
| Transport Layer |
| TCP · UDP · DCCP · SCTP · RSVP · ECN · (more) |
| Internet Layer |
| IP (IPv4, IPv6) · ICMP · ICMPv6 · IGMP · IPsec · (more) |
| Link Layer |
| ARP · RARP · NDP · OSPF · Tunnels (L2TP) · Media Access Control (Ethernet, DSL, ISDN, FDDI) · Device Drivers · (more) |
Protocol examples
- 9P, Plan 9 from Bell Labs distributed file system protocol
- AFP, Apple Filing Protocol
- APPC, Advanced Program-to-Program Communication
- AMQP, Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
- Basenet
- BitTorrent
- Atom Publishing Protocol
- BOOTP, Bootstrap Protocol
- CFDP, Coherent File Distribution Protocol
- DDS, Data Distribution Service
- DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- DeviceNet
- DNS, Domain Name System (Service) Protocol
- eDonkey
- ENRP, Endpoint Handlespace Redundancy Protocol
- FastTrack (KaZaa, Grokster, iMesh)
- Finger, User Information Protocol
- Freenet
- FTAM, File Transfer Access and Management
- FTP, File Transfer Protocol
- Gopher, Gopher protocol
- HL7, Health Level Seven
- HTTP, HyperText Transfer Protocol
- H.323, Packet-Based Multimedia Communications System
- IMAP, IMAP4, Internet Message Access Protocol (version 4)
- IRCP, Internet Relay Chat Protocol
- Kademlia
- LDAP, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
- LPD, Line Printer Daemon Protocol
- MIME (S-MIME), Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions and Secure MIME
- Modbus
- Netconf
- NFS, Network File System
- NIS, Network Information Service
- NNTP, Network News Transfer Protocol
- NTCIP, National Transportation Communications for Intelligent Transportation System Protocol
- NTP, Network Time Protocol
- OSCAR, AOL Instant Messenger Protocol
- PNRP, Peer Name Resolution Protocol
- POP, POP3, Post Office Protocol (version 3)
- Rlogin, Remote Login in UNIX Systems
- RTPS, Real Time Publish Subscribe
- RTSP, Real Time Streaming Protocol
- SAP, Session Announcement Protocol
- SDP, Session Description Protocol
- SIP, Session Initiation Protocol
- SLP, Service Location Protocol
- SMB, Server Message Block
- SMTP, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
- SNTP, Simple Network Time Protocol
- RDP, Remote Desktop Protocol
- SSH, Secure Shell
- TCAP, Transaction Capabilities Application Part
- TDS, Tabular Data Stream
- TELNET, Terminal Emulation Protocol of TCP/IP
- TFTP, Trivial File Transfer Protocol
- TSP, Time Stamp Protocol
- VTP, Virtual Terminal Protocol
- Waka, an HTTP replacement protocol
- Whois (and RWhois), Remote Directory Access Protocol
- WebDAV
- X.400, Message Handling Service Protocol
- X.500, Directory Access Protocol (DAP)
- XMPP, Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
| OSI Model | |
|---|---|
| 7 | Application Layer |
| 6 | Presentation Layer |
| 5 | Session Layer |
| 4 | Transport Layer |
| 3 | Network Layer |
| 2 | Data Link Layer |
| 1 | Physical Layer |
See also
External links
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