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| Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | |
| Close | |||||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid | |||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-mid | |||||
| Near-open | |||||
| Open | |||||
a rounded vowel. Vowel length is indicated by appending ː
| IPA – number | 323 |
| IPA – text | ɵ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ɵ |
| X-SAMPA | 8 |
| Kirshenbaum | @.<umd> |
 Sound sample (help·info) |
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The close-mid central rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɵ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is 8. The symbol ɵ is a lowercase barred letter o, and should not be confused with the Greek letter theta (θ), which in IPA corresponds to a consonant sound, the voiceless dental fricative.
The symbol for the close-mid central rounded vowel may also be used with a lowering diacritic, [ɵ̞], to denote the mid central rounded vowel.
The character ɵ has been used in several Latin-derived alphabets such as the one for Janalif, but in that language it denotes a different sound than it does in the IPA. The character is homographic with Cyrillic Ө. The Unicode number is U+019F, and the symbol is called "LATIN LETTER O WITH MIDDLE TILDE".
Contents |
Features
Features of this vowel:
- Its vowel height is close-mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between close vowel and a mid vowel.
- Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | Cantonese | 出/ceot7 | [tsʰɵt˥] | 'to go out' | See Standard Cantonese |
| English | some dialects | cooperate | [kʰɵˈɒpəɹeɪt] | 'cooperate' | Reduced /oʊ/ in dialects that retain rounding |
| Australian[1][2] | bird | [bɵːd] | 'bird' | See Australian English phonology | |
| Geordie | goat | [ɡɵːt] | 'goat' | Corresponds to /oʊ/ in other dialects. | |
| Mongolian[3] | өгөх | [ɵɡɵx] | 'to give' | ||
| Swedish | dum | [dɵmː] | 'dumb' | ||
| Toda | ? | [pɵːr̘] | 'name' | ||
The Swedish [ɵ] is pronounced with compressed lips, more closely transcribed [ɵβ] or [ɘβ]. That of reduced English /oʊ/ is pronounced with protruded lips, more closely transcribed [ɵʷ] or [əʷ], though these could be misread as diphthongs. The type of rounding of [ɵ] in the other languages is not clear.
References
- ^ Cox (2006:?)
- ^ Durie & Hajek (1994:?)
- ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:62, 66-67)
Bibliography
- Cox, F.M. (2006), "The acoustic characteristics of /hVd/ vowels in the speech of some Australian teenagers", Australian Journal of Linguistics 26: 147–179
- Durie, M.; Hajek, J. (1994), "A revised standard phonemic orthography for Australian English vowels", Australian Journal of Linguistics 14: 93–107
- Iivonen, Antti; Harnud, Huhe (2005), "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (1): 59–71
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