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See also: IPA, Consonants
| Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | |
| Close | |||||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid | |||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-mid | |||||
| Near-open | |||||
| Open | |||||
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents
a rounded vowel. Vowel length is indicated by appending ː
a rounded vowel. Vowel length is indicated by appending ː
The near-close central unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The International Phonetic Alphabet can represent this sound as < ɪ̈ > (centralized ɪ) or < ɨ̞ > (lowered ɨ). In many British dictionaries, this vowel has been transcribed ɪ, which captures its height; in the American tradition it is more often ɨ, which captures its centrality. Recently the OED has adopted an unambiguous but unofficial extension of the IPA, ᵻ (ɪ̵), that is a conflation of the other two symbols, for [ɪ̈] or a vowel that varies between [ɪ] and [ə].
Contents |
Features
- Its vowel height is near-close, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a close vowel, but slightly less constricted.
- Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are spread.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berber | Central Morocco Tamazight[1] | example needed | - | Epenthetically inserted into consonant clusters before front consonants. | |
| English | parallelepiped | [ˌpæɹəlɛlɪ̈ˈpɪpɪ̈d] | 'parallelepiped' | Reduced vowel for speakers who contrast schwa with "schwi". See English phonology | |
| Russian[2] | жена | [ʐɨ̞ˈna] | 'wife' | Occurs only after unpalatalized consonants and in unstressed syllables. See Russian phonology | |
| Welsh | Northern dialects[3] | pump | [pɨ̞mp] | 'five' | /ɪ/ or /i/ in Southern Dialects. See Welsh phonology |
References
- ^ Abdel-Massih (1971:15)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:38)
- ^ Ball (1984:?)
Bibliography
- Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. (1971). A Reference Grammar of Tamazight. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
- Ball, Martin J. (1984), "Phonetics for phonology", written at Cardiff, in Ball, Martin J. & G.E Jones, Welsh Phonology, University of Wales Press, ISBN 0-7083-0861-9
- Jones, Daniel & Ward Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
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