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October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . There are 85 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
3761 BC - The epoch (origin) of the modern Hebrew calendar (Proleptic Julian calendar ).336 - Pope Mark dies, leaving the papacy vacant .1513 - Battle of La Motta : Spanish troops under Ramón de Cardona defeat the Venetians .1542 - Explorer Cabrillo discovers Santa Catalina Island off the California coast.1571 - The Battle of Lepanto is fought, and the Holy League (Spain and Italy) destroys the Turkish fleet.1763 - George III of Great Britain issues British Royal Proclamation of 1763 , closing aboriginal lands in North America north and west of Alleghenies to white settlements.1776 - Crown Prince Paul of Russia marries Sophie Marie Dorothea of Württemberg .1777 - American Revolutionary War : The Americans defeat the British in the Second Battle of Saratoga, also known as the Battle of Bemis Heights .1780 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Kings Mountain American Patriot militia defeat Loyalist irregulars led by British colonel Patrick Ferguson in South Carolina .1800 - French corsair Surcouf , commander of the 18-gun ship La Confiance , captures the English 38-gun Kent inspiring the traditional french song Le Trente-et-un du mois d'août .1826 - Granite Railway (first chartered railway in the U.S.) begins operations.1828 - The city of Patras , Greece, is liberated by the French expeditionary force in Peloponnese under General Maison .1840 - Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands .1864 - American Civil War : Battle of Darbytown Road : the Confederate forces' attempt to regain ground that had been lost around Richmond is thwarted.1864 - American Civil War: U.S.S. "Wachusett" captures the C.S.S. "Florida" Confederate raider ship while in port in Bahia , Brazil .
1868 - Cornell University holds opening day ceremonies; initial student enrollment is 412, the highest at any American university to that date.1870 - Franco-Prussian War - Siege of Paris : Leon Gambetta flees Paris in a balloon.1879 - Germany and Austria-Hungary sign the "Twofold Covenant" and create the Dual Alliance .1912 - The Helsinki Stock Exchange sees its first transaction.1916 - Georgia Tech defeats Cumberland University 222-0 in one of the most lopsided college football games in American history.1919 - KLM of the Netherlands was founded. It is the oldest airline still operating under its original name.1940 - World War II : the McCollum memo proposes bringing the United States into the war in Europe by provoking the Japanese to attack the United States.1942 - World War II: The October Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins as United States Marine Corps forces attack Imperial Japanese Army units along the Matanikau River .1944 - World War II: Uprising at Birkenau concentration camp , Jews burn down the crematoria .1949 - German Democratic Republic (East Germany) formed.1952 - "American Bandstand " debuts on a local Philadelphia station.1955 - Beat poet Allen Ginsberg reads his poem "Howl " for the first time at a poetry reading in San Francisco .1958 - President of Pakistan Iskander Mirza , with the support of General Ayub Khan and the army, suspends the 1956 constitution, imposes martial law , and cancels the elections scheduled for January 1959.1958 - The U.S. manned space-flight project is renamed Project Mercury .
1959 - U.S.S.R. probe Luna 3 transmits first ever photographs of the far side of the moon .1962 - U.S.S.R. performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya , U.S.S.R.1963 - John F. Kennedy signs ratification for Partial Test Ban Treaty .1977 - The adoption of the Fourth Soviet Constitution .1982 - Cats September 10 , 2000 .1985 - The "Achille Lauro " is hijacked by Palestine Liberation Organization .1993 - The Great Flood of 1993 ends at St. Louis, Missouri , 103 days after it began, as the Mississippi River falls below flood stage.1998 - Matthew Shepard , a gay student at the University of Wyoming , is found tied to a fence after being savagely beaten by two young adults in Laramie, Wyoming .2000 - The last ever competitive match at Wembley Stadium is a 1-0 defeat of England to Germany and the last goal was scored by Liverpool 's Dietmar Hammann . The match was Tony Adams ' 60th at Wembley setting the record for most appearances at the stadium.2001 - The U.S. invasion of Afghanistan starts with an air assault and covert operations on the ground.2003 - Gray Davis is recalled as Governor of California , three years before the official end of his office term. Arnold Schwarzenegger is elected Governor.2004 - King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia abdicates .
Births
1471 - King Frederick I of Denmark and Norway (d. 1533 )1573 - William Laud , Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1645 )1576 - John Marston , English writer (d. 1634 )1589 - Maria Magdalena of Austria , Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1631 )1713 - Granville Elliott , British military officer (d. 1759 )1728 - Caesar Rodney , American lawyer (d. 1784 )1744 - Sergey Vyazmitinov , Russian general and statesman (d. 1819 )1748 - King Charles XIII of Sweden (d. 1818 )1769 - Solomon Sibley , American politician (d. 1846 )1786 - Louis-Joseph Papineau , Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1871 )1835 - Felix Draeseke , German composer (d. 1913 )1841 - King Nicholas I of Montenegro (d. 1921 )1849 - James Whitcomb Riley , American poet (d. 1916 )1866 - Wlodimir Ledochowski , Polish-Austrian director of the Society of Jesus (d. 1942 )1879 - Joe Hill , American Labor Activist and Poet (d. 1915 )1881 - Mikhail Drozdovsky , Russian general (d. 1918 )1884 - Major Harold Geiger , U.S. Army aviation pioneer (d. 1927 )1885 - Niels Bohr , Danish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.1962 )1888 - Henry A. Wallace , Vice President of the United States (d. 1965 )1892 - Dwain Esper , director (d. 1982 )1894 - Del Lord , American director (d. 1970 )1897 - Elijah Muhammad , American Black Muslim leader (d. 1975 )1898 - Joe Giard , American baseball player (d. 1956 )1900 - Heinrich Himmler , German Nazi official (d. 1945 )1905 - Andy Devine , American actor (d. 1977 )1907 - Víctor Paz Estenssoro , Bolivian politician (d. 2001 )1909 - Anni Blomqvist , Finnish novelist (d. 1990 )1909 - Erastus Corning 2nd , American politician, 72nd Mayor of Albany, New York (d. 1983 )
1910 - Henry P. McIlhenny , American philanthropist (d. 1986 )1911 - Vaughn Monroe , American singer (d. 1973 )1911 - Shura Cherkassky , Ukrainian classical pianist (d. 1995 )
1912 - Fernando Belaúnde Terry , President of Peru (d. 2002 )1913 - Simon Carmiggelt , Dutch journalist and writer (d. 1987 )1914 - Alfred Drake , American actor (d. 1992 )1914 - Sarah Churchill , British actress (d. 1982 )
1917 - June Allyson , American actress (d. 2006 )1919 - Sir Zelman Cowen , Australian politician1921 - Raymond Goethals , Belgian football coach (d. 2004 )1922 - Grady Hatton , American baseball player1923 - Jean-Paul Riopelle , Québécois member of Les Automatistes (d. 2002 )1923 - Irma Grese , Supervisor at Nazi concentration camps (d. 1945 )
1926 - Diana Lynn , American actress (d. 1971 )1927 - R. D. Laing , Scottish psychiatrist (d. 1989 )1927 - Al Martino , American singer and actor
1928 - Sohrab Sepehri , Persian poet and painter (d. 1980 )1929 - Robert Westall , British author (d. 1993 )1929 - Graeme Ferguson , Canadian filmmaker and executive
1931 - Cotton Fitzsimmons , American basketball coach (d. 2004 )1931 - Desmond Tutu , South African archbishop and Nobel Laureate
1934 - Amiri Baraka , American writer1934 - Ulrike Meinhof , German terrorist (d. 1976 )
1935 - Thomas Keneally , Australian author1936 - Charles Dutoit , Swiss conductor1937 - Maria Szyszkowska , Polish politician1939 - John Hopcroft , American computer scientist1939 - Clive James , Australian television presenter and writer
1939 - Harold Kroto , English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
1939 - Bill Snyder , American football coach
1940 - Bruce Vento , American politician (d. 2000 )1943 - Joy Behar , American television personality1943 - José Cardenal , Cuban baseball player
1943 - Oliver North , American former military officer
1944 - Judee Sill , American musician (d. 1979 )1944 - Donald Tsang , current Chief executive of Hong Kong
1945 - Kevin Godley , British musician (10cc )1946 - Bernard Lavilliers , French singer1946 - Pengiran Anak Saleha , Queen of Brunei
1948 - Diane Ackerman , American poet and essayist1949 - Dave Hope , American musician (Kansas )1950 - Jakaya Kikwete , Tanzanian politician1951 - John Mellencamp , American singer1951 - David J. Halberstam , American radio executive
1952 - Mary Badham , American actress1952 - Vladimir Putin , Russian politician
1952 - Jacques Richard , Canadian ice hockey player (d.2002 )
1952 - Graham Yallop , Australian cricketer
1953 - Tico Torres , musician (Bon Jovi )1954 - Kenneth Atchley , American composer1955 - Yo-Yo Ma , French-born American cellist1955 - Ralph Johnson , American computer scientist
1957 - Michael W. Smith , American singer1957 - Jayne Torvill , British figure skater
1958 - Judy Landers , American actress1959 - Dylan Baker , American character actor1959 - Simon Cowell , English recording executive
1959 - Lourdes Flores , Peruvian politician
1959 - Jean-Marc Fournier , French-Canadian politician
1960 - Kyosuke Himuro , Japanese singer1960 - Viktor Lazlo , Belgian singer
1961 - Matthew Roloff , American reality star1961 - Brian Mannix , Australian singer and actor
1962 - Dave Bronconnier , Canadian politician1964 - Sam Brown , English singer-songwriter1964 - Dan Savage , American sex-columnist and author
1964 - Paul Stewart , English footballer
1965 - Genji Hashimoto , Japanese racing driver1966 - Toni Braxton , American singer1966 - Marco Beltrami , Italian-American film composer
1967 - Luke Haines , English musician (The Auteurs , Black Box Recorder )1968 - Thom Yorke , English singer (Radiohead )1969 - Javier Álvarez , Spanish singer-songwriter1969 - Malia Hosaka , Hawaiian professional wrestler
1969 - Maria Whittaker , English model
1969 - Benny Chan Ho Man , Hong Kong actor and singer
1970 - Nicole Ari Parker , American actress1971 - Daniel Boucher , Québécois musician 1972 - Ben Younger , American screenwriter and film director1973 - Dida , Brazilian footballer1973 - Sami Hyypiä , Finnish footballer
1973 - Priest Holmes , American Football Running Back
1974 - Allison Munn , American actress1974 - Charlotte Nilsson , Swedish singer
1974 - Alexander Polinsky , American actor
1975 - Terry Gerin , American professional wrestler1975 - Damian Kulash , American musician (OK Go )
1975 - Tim Minchin , Australian comedian and musician
1976 - Taylor Hicks , American musician1976 - Rachel McAdams , Canadian actress
1976 - Santiago Solari , Argentinian footballer
1976 - Gilberto Silva , Brazilian footballer
1976 - Charles Woodson , American football player
1976 - Marc Coma , Spanish motorcycle racer
1977 - Brandon Quinn , American actor1977 - Meighan Desmond , New Zealand actress
1978 - Alesha Dixon , British pop singer (Mis-Teeq )1978 - Zaheer Khan , Indian cricketer
1979 - Simona Amânar , Romanian gymnast1979 - Aaron Ashmore , Canadian actor
1979 - Shawn Ashmore , Canadian actor
1979 - Tang Wei , Chinese actress
1980 - Edison Chen , Canadian actor1982 - Madjid Bougherra , Algerian footballer1982 - Jermain Defoe , English footballer
1982 - Robby Ginepri , American tennis player
1982 - Li Yundi , Chinese classical pianist
1984 - Toma Ikuta , Japanese singer and actor1984 - Salman Butt , Pakistani cricketer
1985 - Evan Longoria , American baseball player
1986 - Lee Nguyen , American footballer1986 - Chase Daniel , American football player
1986 - Gunnar Nielsen , Faroese footballer
1986 - Bree Olson , American pornographic actress
1987 - Jeremy Brockie , New Zealand footballer1987 - Sam Querrey , American tennis player
1988 - Stacy DuPree , American musician (Eisley )2001 - Princess Senate Seeiso , daughter of King Letsie III of Lesotho
Deaths
336 - Pope Mark 929 - Charles the Simple , King of France (b. 879 )1368 - Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence , son of Edward III of England (b. 1338 )1553 - Cristóbal de Morales , Spanish composer (bc. 1500 )1555 - Louis of Praet , Habsburg diplomat (b. 1488 )1577 - George Gascoigne , English poet1612 - Giovanni Battista Guarini , Italian poet, dramatist, and diplomat, (b. 1538 )1620 - Stanisław Żółkiewski , Polish military leader (b. 1547 )1637 - Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (b. 1587 )1651 - Jacques Sirmond , French Jesuit scholar (b. 1559 )1653 - Fausto Poli , Italian Catholic priest (b. 1581 )1708 - Guru Gobind Singh , tenth Sikh Guru (b. 1666 )1772 - John Woolman , American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (b. 1720 )1787 - Henry Muhlenberg , German-born founder of the U.S. Lutheran Church (b. 1711 )1792 - George Mason , American statesman (b. 1725 )1793 - Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire , English politician (b. 1718 )1796 - Thomas Reid , Scottish philosopher (b. 1710 )1849 - Edgar Allan Poe , American writer and poet (b. 1809 )1894 - Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. , American writer (b. 1809 )1903 - Rudolf Lipschitz , German mathematician (b. 1832 )1906 - Honoré Beaugrand , Canadian journalist and politician, mayor of Montreal (b. 1848 )1911 - John Hughlings Jackson , English neurologist (b. 1835 )1919 - Alfred Deakin , second Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1856 )1925 - Christy Mathewson , American baseball player (b. 1880 )1926 - Emil Kraepelin , German psychologist (b. 1856 )1943 - Eugeniusz Bodo , Polish actor (b. 1899 )1943 - Radclyffe Hall , British author (b. 1880 )
1944 - Helmut Lent , German night fighter pilot (b. 1918 )1956 - Clarence Birdseye , American inventor (b. 1886 )1959 - Mario Lanza , American tenor (b. 1921 )1966 - Grigoris Asikis , Greek singer and songwriter. (b. 1890 )1966 - Smiley Lewis , American musician (b. 1913 )1967 - Norman Angell , British politician and Nobel Laureate (b. 1872 )1969 - Léon Scieur , Belgian cyclist (b. 1888 )1981 - Albert Cohen , Greek-born Swiss novelist (b. 1895 )1991 - Leo Durocher , American baseball player and manager (b. 1905 )1992 - Allan Bloom , American philosopher and educator (b. 1930 )1992 - Tevfik Esenç , last known speaker of Ubykh (b. 1904 )
1993 - Cyril Cusack , Irish actor (b. 1910 )1994 - Niels Kaj Jerne , English-born Danish immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1911 )1998 - Arnold Jacobs , American tuba player a.k.a. Song and Wind (b. 1915 )2001 - Christopher Adams , British-born pro wrestler and judoka (b. 1955 )2001 - Herblock , American cartoonist (b. 1909 )
2001 - Roger Gaudry , French Canadian chemist, businessman and corporate director (b. 1913 )
2003 - Izzy Asper , Canadian tax lawyer (b. 1932 )2003 - Arthur Berger , American composer (b. 1912 )
2003 - Wally George , American conservative TV commentator (b. 1931 )
2004 - Ken Bigley , British civil engineer, kidnapped and murdered in Iraq (b. 1942 )2005 - Charles Rocket , American actor (b. 1949 )2006 - Anna Politkovskaya , Russian journalist (b. 1958 )2007 - Norifumi Abe , Japanese motorcycle racer (b. 1975 )2007 - George E. Sangmeister , American politician (b. 1931 )
2008 - Leslie Hardman , Jewish Orthodox rabbi (b. 1913 )
Holidays and observances
External links
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