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For the presidential election held in 2008, please see Republic of China presidential election, 2008
Legislative elections were held on January 12, 2008 in the Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan). The results gave the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Pan-Blue Coalition a supermajority (86 of the 113 seats) in the legislature, handing a heavy defeat to then-President Chen Shui-bian's Democratic Progressive Party, which won the remaining 27 seats only. The junior partner in the Pan-Green Coalition, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, won no seats. These elections elected the first set of legislators to serve a longer four-year term in the Legislative Yuan, after an amendment in the Constitution of the Republic of China in 2005, which intended to synchronize the legislative and presidential elections and reduce the size of the Legislative Yuan by half (see Republic of China National Assembly election, 2005). Two transitional justice referendums, both of which failed to pass due to low turnout, were held at the same time.
Legislature reformFor the first time in the history of the Republic of China, most members of the Legislative Yuan were to be elected from single-member districts: 73 of the 113 members were chosen in such districts by the plurality voting system (first-past-the-post). Parallel to the single member constituencies, 34 seats under an Additional Member System were elected in one national district by party-list proportional representation. For these seats, only political parties whose votes exceed a five percent threshold were eligible for the allocation. Six further seats were reserved for Taiwanese aborigines. Therefore, each elector had two ballots under parallel voting. The aboriginal members were elected by single non-transferable vote in two 3-member constituencies for lowland aborigines and highland aborigines respectively. This did not fulfill the promise in the treaty-like document A New Partnership Between the Indigenous Peoples and the Government of Taiwan, where each of the 13 recognized indigenous peoples was to get at least one seat, and the distinction between highland and lowland abolished. The breakdown by administrative unit was:[1]
The delimitation of the single-member constituencies within the cities and counties was a major political issue, with bargaining between the government and the legislature. Of the 15 cities and counties to be partitioned (the ten others have only one seat), only seven of the districting schemes proposed by the CEC were approved in a normal way. The eight other schemes were decided by drawing lots: "Taipei and Taichung cities and Miaoli and Changhua counties will adopt the version suggested by the CEC, while Kaohsiung city will follow the consensus of the legislature. Taipei county will follow the proposal offered by the opposition Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taoyuan county will adopt the ruling Democratic Progressive Party’s scheme, and Pingtung county will use the scheme agreed upon by the Non-partisan Solidarity Union, People First Party, Kuomintang and Taiwan Solidarity Union."[2] Impact of the electoral systemThe elections were the first held under a new electoral system which had been approved by both major parties in constitutional amendments adopted in 2005, but which one political scientist has argued favored the KMT.[citation needed] The rules are set up so that every county has at least one seat, which gave a higher representation for smaller counties in which the KMT traditionally has done well. Northern counties tend to be marginally in favor of KMT, whereas southern counties tend to be strongly for DPP, and the single member system limits this advantage. The partially led to the result that the legislative count was highly in favor of the KMT while the difference in the number of votes cast for the KMT and DPP were less dramatic.[3] It was considered possible that the Republic of China presidential election, 2008 would be held on the same day as this election, but this was eventually not the case, with the presidential happening 10 weeks later, in March. A referendum was held on the same date. Results
1. ^ The results of the election have been released by the Central Election Commission of the Republic of China [1] (pdf) Legislators elected through constituency and aborigine ballotsMain article: Candidates for Constituency and aboriginal legislative seats for the Republic of China legislative election, 2008
Legislators elected through nationwide constituency and overseas Chinese ballots
ImpactWith this election the KMT and the Pan-Blue Coalition have more than the two-thirds majority needed to propose a recall election of the President and if NPSU votes are counted with the pan-Blue coalition, more than the three-quarters majority needed to propose constitutional amendments. However, KMT officials have denied that there are plans to do either saying that they intend on using their legislative power responsibly. Reaction from the People’s Republic of ChinaThe Government of the People's Republic of China, which claims sovereignty over Taiwan, remained largely silent on the election result. State media carried brief updates of results and passed no comment on either the referendum or the Kuomintang victory.[6] The People’s Republic of China appointed 13 representatives for Taiwan to its own National People's Congress on the same day. These delegates are mostly descendants of Taiwanese who emigrated to the Mainland, or Communist supporters who fled Taiwan. Their positions are ceremonial as the PRC do not exercise effective jurisdiction over Taiwan.[7] External links
References
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