Viviparous

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A viviparous animal is an animal employing vivipary: the embryo develops inside the body of the mother, as opposed to outside in an egg (ovipary). The mother then gives live birth. The less developed form of vivipary is called ovoviviparity, which, for instance, occurs in most vipers. The more developed form of vivipary is called placental viviparity; placental mammals are the best example, but other animals have also adapted by incorporating this behavior, such as in scorpions, some sharks, some snakes, and in velvet worms. Certain lizards also employ this method such as the genera Tiliqua and Corucia. The placenta is attached directly to the mother in these lizards which is called viviparous matrotrophy. Viviparous offspring live independently and require an external food supply from birth. There are numerous advantages and disadvantages to being viviparous.

Poa alpina, a grass which shows vivipary: the seeds germinate while still attached to the mother plant.

Viviparous plants produce seeds that germinate before they detach from the parent. In many Mangroves, for instance, the seedling germinates and grows under its own energy while still attached to its parent before dropping into the water in order to transport away.^{[citation needed]}

Vivipary in popular culture

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The 1932 distopian novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley features vivipary as "smutty" and a socially unacceptable method of conception. It is instead replaced with Artificial insemination taken to the extremes of mass production.

Human physiology and endocrinology of reproduction

Anatomy and physiology	Reproductive system (male, female)

Menstrual/Estrous cycle	Menstruation – Follicular phase – Ovulation – Luteal phase

Gametogenesis	Spermatogenesis (spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm) – Oogenesis (oogonium, oocyte, ootid, ovum) – Germ cell (gonocyte, gamete)

Sexuality	Human sexual behavior – Sexual intercourse – Erection – Ejaculation – Orgasm – Insemination – Fertilisation/Fertility – Masturbation – Pregnancy – Postpartum period

Lifespan	Prenatal development – Sexual dimorphism – Sexual differentiation – Puberty (Menarche, Adrenarche) – Maternal age / Paternal age – Climacteric (Menopause, Andropause)

Eggs	Ovum – Oviposition – Oviparity – Ovoviviparity – Viviparity

Reproductive endocrinology	Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis – Andrology – Hormone

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More about Viviparous: viviparous animal, viviparous fish, ovo viviparous,

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Viviparous

Vivipary in popular culture

See also